Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: There must be at least 60 days between submission of the petition and the election (Const. seq). III, 1). Only one state does not require this type of action: Before a measure is placed on a ballot, states decide which election it will appear on, how the ballot title and summary are created and any time restrictions involved. Ballot title and summary: Director of elections, with approval of state board of canvassers, drafts a statement of purpose of not more than 100 words for the ballot (MCL 168.32(2)). 19, 1 and NRS 295.045 and .056. II, 1(d) and RCW 29A.72.030 and .160). d. increases the coattail effect during midterm elections, 28. Art. 6), Allowed to pay another for their signature: Likely prohibition on the use of public funds (26 Okl.St.Ann. Const. 34-1807, 34-1705). Amend. 2). Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to each political committee filing with the secretary of state a statement of organization no later than 10 days after receiving at least $200 in contributions or spending at least $200, and any political committee or individual spending at least $200 must file monthly financial reports with the secretary of state (Miss. If more than one-third but less than the full number of the signatures required is submitted by June 1, the time for the law to take effect and the time for the filing of the remaining required signatures is extended to June 30 (Const. After certification for the ballot, the joint committee on legislative research holds a public hearing in Jefferson City to take public comments regarding the measure (V.A.M.S. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. The chief petitioners may withdraw at any time before submitting the total number of signatures for verification. Law 7-105. 19, 3; Art. 116.320). Art. Stat. Const. Const. Public review or notice: Secretary of state publicizes the measure in newspapers in every county and prepares a pamphlet that is mailed to every mailing address in the state (5 ILCS 20/2). Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (MCA 13-27-302). In Nebraska, the total number of signatures is based upon the total number of registered voters in the state. CONST. 21 1). 3, 18). Const. Circulation may begin once the attorney general has drafted a circulating title and summary; petition must be submitted within 90 days after the enactment date of the statute. Public review or notice: Any voter or group on or before July 20 may file an argument of 500 words or less. If 110 % or more, the petition passes. 19, 3 and NRS 295.0575). Timeline for taking effect: Upon proclamation by the governor which shall be made within ten days after the official canvass of such votes (Const. Reports of State Question Communications are required if aggregate expenses for a communication made at least 15 days before the election equal to exceed $5,000. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (21-A MRS 902 and 903-A). Signers must be residents in at least three-fourths of the state house districts, and signatures in each house district must equal in number at least 7% of those who voted in the preceding general election, 3% of total votes cast for the office of governor from at least 15 counties. Public review or notice: Secretary of state creates pamphlet with information and arguments and publishes the measures in newspapers leading up to the election. The issues that are important to the party make up the ________. 3, 52). General election, and signatures must be verified no later than Feb. 1 of the year of the general election. Four states require a filing fee in statute. Missouri and Nebraska have unique signature requirements. Political apathy can lead to a loss of democracy and respondents mentioned it can also have social and psychological damage due to lack of personal political interaction. Campaign ads try to reach independent and undecided voters. Through these processes, voters can adopt a change in law (an initiative), disapprove a law passed by the Legislature (a referendum), or remove an elected official from office (a recall). Art. Who can sign the petition: Qualified registered voters (Wyo. 23-17-9), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Ninety days before the first day of the legislative session and the first five measures make it on the ballot (Miss. Art. See NCSL's Initiative and Referendum Processes resourceformore comprehensive details on citizen initiatives, popular referenda and each state's laws. Amend. Another 3% is required to qualify for the ballot if not enacted by the legislature after four months. Art. If he finds it in proper form, he shall so certify. Verification: Random sampling (MCA 13-27-303). Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Have 120 days before election for amendments, and 160 days before an election and not less than 10 days before legislative session for statutes (M.C.L.A. Const. Oregon: The Citizens' Initiative Review Commission reviews measures and may create a citizen panel to review specific items. Each signature page must contain the subject expressed in the title of the Act to be referred (ORS 250.045). The group of people who are eighteen and older. 6, 22), Other Subject restrictions: No restrictions (See U.C.A. Who can sign the petition: Qualified electors of the state (34 OS 23). Which of the following is a crucial factor when a candidate is one in a long parade of faces during the primaries? 4, 5). 168.472), Oklahoma (OK Const. Proponent organization and requirements: No later than thirty (30) days after a proposed bill is submitted for certification, the committee of applicants the names of 100 registered voters who will act as sponsors. 3, 52(c)(ii). Art. II, 1g; O.R.C. Art. 2, Sec. Art. 1(9) and ARS 19-112). Const. Code Ann. Who can sign the petition: Registered electors (Const. Arguments for and against are prepared by committees with members appointed first by the secretary of state, the senate's presiding office, and the house's presiding officer. Must file a statement of organization as a political issues committee no later than seven days after receiving contributions or making expenditures totaling at least $750, and annually by 5 p.m. on Jan. 10 thereafter, unless it has filed a notice of dissolution. Art. Const. For direct initiatives, proponents collect signatures and place the measure directly on the ballot once its certified and verified. Stat. The first statewide general, special, special runoff, or primary election after the petition has been filed, a legislative session has convened and adjourned, and a period of 120 days has expired since the adjournment of the legislative session. Repeal or change restrictions: No veto and only a majority of voters to overturn amendments, not 55 % (C.R.S.A. The timelines for signature gathering for popular referenda differ significantly from those for initiatives. States also have varying processes for reviewing petitions. Who creates petitions: Sponsors (A.C.A. This database contains information on state processes, including subject matter, petitions, circulator requirements, signature requirements and more. Code 84202.3). Signatures in each of one-half of the 27 congressional districts of the state. In this form of the process, the Legislature, and in some states the governor, may place a question on the ballot to gauge voter opinion. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: All campaign finance activity must be conducted through a campaign finance entity. Secretary of state, revisor of statutes and attorney general, M.G.L.A. If the total signatures meet 90-100% of the requirement, the county clerk(s) check all of the signatures until 100% is reached. Art. Arizona (for constitutional amendments, not statutes) (A.R.S. Art. No filing fee is specified (Mo.Rev.Stat. Must include the title and effective date of the referred law, the date of the general election at which it is to be referred. Art. Art. Seven states (Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio and Oregon) allow sponsors extra time to gather additional signatures if the petitions submitted are insufficient. 48, Init., Pt. a. personal wealth that a candidate uses. b. George W. Bush and John McCain in 2000 Art. 1(9) and A.R.S. 3, 17). 48, Init., Pt. The following contribution and expenditure statements must be electronically filed: drafting statement, filed at the time approval is requested to circulate petition; circulating statement, filed at the time petitions are submitted for signature verification; pre-election statement, filed between the 39th and 31st day prior to the election; and year-end statement, filed by Jan. 31 of the year following the election. Art. Art. May be withdrawn by any of the people authorized to do so in the original application; withdrawal is made via a form prescribed by the secretary of state. This bill would (concise description). Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after governor proclaims election results, which happens within 10 days after the vote has been canvassed and determined. Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Signatures submitted to appropriate state officials at least 10 days before submitted to secretary of state, which is the 50th day of the first regular session or the 25th day of the second regular session (21-A M.R.S.A. Timeline for taking effect: An act that is rejected is repealed effective the date the result of the canvass is filed by the secretary of state. If the legislature enacts the proposal, no further petition takes place and the proposal becomes law. 3501.38). Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: Not specified. 23-17-21). 2, 9; M.C.L.A. Paid per signature: No ban found. Art. Where to file: Secretary of state (IC 34-1804). Proponents may suggest title (OH Const. Geographic distribution: No more than one-quarter of signatures may come from a single county (M.G.L.A. S51(xxvi) was changed by the removal of the phrase "other than the Aboriginal race in any state." Submission deadline for signatures: Must be filed within 90 days of when the applicable legislative session adjourns sine die (AZ Const. Each county board certifies the signatures for their county, and the secretary of state verifies the second round of petition signatures for indirect statutory initiatives (OH Const. Where to file with: Secretary of state (NDCC Const. 24). Const. (Const. What is on each petition: Petition must include title of the act, and if only a portion of the act is sought to be referred, the number of the section or sections or portion of sections of the act designating such portion (Const. IV, pt. Sample petition prepared by secretary of state must include the text of the measure, a statement of purpose and implication, and yes-no statements, as prepared by the petitioner (MCA 13-27-202 and -205). Proponents then file the measure with the secretary of state (I.C. A referendum is a process for constitutional change in which proposal is voted on by the public. Const. 1953 20A-7-212). 1. 187; Okl.St.Ann. Direct democracies may operate through an assembly of citizens or by means of referenda and initiatives in which citizens vote on issues instead of for candidates or parties. Const. Secretary of state submits to Legislative Services Division for review, after which the final text of the measure and ballot statements must be resubmitted to secretary of state. Code Ann. Both institutions have since been used freely in federal and cantonal matters. Art. 48, Gen. Circulator requirements: Idaho resident and at least 18 years of age (IC 34-1807). Art. III, 6). Timeline for collecting signatures: Ninety days from the date marking the beginning circulation, as set by the secretary of state after public posting and chance for protest (34 Okl.St.Ann. The legislative council determines the estimated fiscal impact at least 90 days before the measure is to be voted on. Payment on a per-signature basis prohibited. 23-17-7; 23-17-9; 23-17-15, Proponents, approved or rewritten by attorney general, Proponent, with possibility of being amended by statute, Secretary of state and approved by the attorney general. The term soft money refers to St. 32-630; 32-628). XVI, 2). The very last step in the process of electing a president is the ______ . Other subject restrictions: Cannot "pass a law authorizing any classification of property for the purpose of levying different rates of taxation thereon or of authorizing the levy of any single tax on land or land values or land sites at a higher rate or by a different rule than is or may be applied to improvements thereon or to personal property" (OH Const. Art. The term the Aboriginal Race was used in the question. The practice of __________ means that district boundaries have been purposefully drawn to unfairly What was the question asked in the 1967 referendum? 15, 273; Miss. 21 1), and by 5 p.m. on final day (A.R.S. Rev. Timeline for collecting signatures: Signatures may be signed at any time after an act is passed (Const. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Not specified. b. at least 40 percent of all votes cast 21. Fiscal review: The fiscal notes for constitutional amendments and statewide measures proposed by initiative or referendum must be prepared by the secretary of state, upon consultation with the Fiscal Analysis Division of the Legislative Counsel Bureau (N.R.S. Art. Alaska prohibits payment in excess of $1 per signature. Proponent organization and requirements: The sponsor of the bill who files with the secretary of state must appoint a three-member committee advocating approval of the ballot issue. If signatures are determined to be insufficient, an additional 10 days is allowed to gather more signatures. For more information on this topic, use this form to reach NCSL staff. 2023. Application process information: Text and proposed ballot statements are submitted to secretary of state. a. at least 25 percent of all votes cast Subject restrictions: No law making any appropriation for maintaining the state government or for maintaining or aiding any public institution, not exceeding the next previous appropriation for the same purpose, shall be subject toreferendum. a. Art. 1953 20A-7-202). Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Art. 14, 3). Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Utah Code 20A-7-312(3)). Disclosure of advertisements is required (ARS 19-925). Ballot title appears on the petition (RCW 29A.72.120). Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (ACA 7-9-103(c)). 3, 53. 250.045). Art. Const. The initiative and referendum process enables citizens to bypass their state legislature by placing proposed statutes and, in some states, constitutional amendments on the ballot. 3501.38). For statute initiatives, no later than three months prior to the election the measure is to be voted upon, and must submit to the county officials no sooner than nine months and no later than four weeks prior to the final deadline. 295.009; 294A.150; 294A.220). What is on each petition: Must follow prescribed form and include the full text of the measure, a legal warning, an affidavit, the maximum number of signatures, paper and font, spacing, and if the circulator is paid (Neb.Rev.St. Prior to receiving a contribution or making an expenditure, a campaign must designate a treasurer by filing with the secretary of state. 1953 20A-7-208; 20A-7-702). Art. Legislature or other government official review: The Legislative Research Council also provides written comments to the attorney general (SDCL 12-13-25; 12-13-25.1). Repeal or change restrictions: None (Const. Art. 19, 2; N.R.S. 130.110; 130.120; 130.029; 130.046; 130.041). Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after the official declaration of the vote unless provided otherwise in the measure (Mississippi Const. Number of signatures required: 6% of total votes cast for the office of governor in the last general election (Const. There are 26 states that allow for citizen-initiated ballot measures. General election, while petitions cannot be filed more than 65 days before the deadline. 3, 4; Art. 116.332). Under the optional (or facultative) referendum, a popular vote on a law passed by the legislature is required whenever petitioned by a specified number of voters. Art. Art. Cure period for insufficient signatures: Upon notice that the petition was improperly filed, sponsors may amend and correct the petition by circulating and filing a supplementary petition within 10 days of the date that notice was given if 90 days have not expired after the adjournment of the legislative session in which the act was passed (AS 15.45.400). These may be accepted or rejected (Neb. What is on each petition: Must include title and complete text must be attached (MCA 13-27-201). The veto power may be exercised only against entire bills, and it may not be exercised upon sections of bills except in the case of appropriation bills (1963 Alas. Who creates petitions: Sponsors (CRS 1-40-105). General review of petition: Attorney general may confer with proponents and recommend revisions (Miss. Art. 55 1, 6B, 7A, 18C, 18, Mississippi: Miss. Const. personality clash? 4, 2; Constitution 48, Init., Pt. 2, 9; M.C.L.A. Note that all but two of these statesMaryland and New Mexicoalso have the initiative process. 6, 1). Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Elec. Art. Const. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to statewide ballot question committee must file pre-primary, pre-general, year-end and, if applicable, supplemental report and amendments (SDCL 12-27-22; SDCL 12-27-3). Allowable uses of funds by ballot measure committees are specified at Elec. 19, 2; N.R.S. 1-40-112). 8). 12, 2). States such as Alaska (AS 15.45.150); Idaho (I.C. Which election is a measure on: Next statewide or special election after the legislative session concludes sine die (21-A M.R.S.A. A person also qualifies as a ballot measure committee if 2% or more of its annual revenues, operating expenses or funds are used to make contributions to another ballot measure committee which exceed $10,000 in value (ACA 9-7-402). 11. Stat. Legislature reviews the indirect statutory initiatives. 4, Pt. Const. Non-resident circulators and all paid circulators must register with the secretary of state before circulating petitions; it is the sponsoring committee's responsibility to collect and submit the completed registrations. Repeal or change restrictions: Laws approved by the people under the referendum provision of this section may be amended by the legislature at any subsequent session thereof (Const. Omissions? May be amended or repealed only by three-fourths of each house or by a vote of the electors. Verification: "The Legislature may authorize the Secretary of State and the other public officers to use generally accepted statistical procedures in conducting a preliminary verification of the number of signatures submitted in connection with a referendum petition or an initiative petition, and for this purpose to require petitions to be filed no more than 65 days earlier than is otherwise required by [the constitution]" (Const. Code 13-208 for statement of organization. II, 1g; Art. The attorney general reviews the ballot title after signed petitions are turned in (34 Okl.St.Ann. a. c. a U.S. senator. Art. Timeline for taking effect: The date of the governor's proclamation of the election results (IC 34-1813). Art. Committees in support or opposition to a ballot measure are treated the same as political action committees. Art. 15, 273). Who can sign the petition: Registered electors of the state (M.C.L.A. The attorney general reviews the ballot title after signed petitions are turned in (34 Okl.St.Ann. Art. Art. Art. 6, Gen. Some cookies are placed by third party services that appear on our pages. It fails to qualify if under 90% and qualifies if at least 100%. II, 1b), Types allowed: Direct statutory and constitutional amendment initiatives, and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (OK Const. States with geographic requirements that use entities that are unequal in population, such as counties or even state legislative districts, are more likely to have the requirement challenged in court. a. majority Most states require that the petition bear a title and/or summary of the proposed measure. Petition must be filed with county officials not later than 15 days following the primary election. Const. a. a referendum. 218D.810; 293.267). II, 9). IV, 1). Verification: A random sample of 5% of the signatures is verified by county recorders (ARS 19-121.01(B)). Statutes for petition contents for each state are: Individuals who physically gather signatures are referred to as circulators. This ensures that measures will not be passed by a small minority of voters, either because of a low turnout or ballot-drop off (where voters only vote partway through a ballot). And must be filed four months before election. Initiative referendum: A citizen-led process to propose and vote on new laws. and the remainder of the required signatures shall be filed not later than the first Wednesday of the following December. After review by legislature, the second 0.5 percent of signatures are to be collected between mid-May and July and must be submitted to the local registrars two weeks before submission to the secretary of state. Proponent organization and requirements: Not specified. III, 5). 2, 8), Maine (M.R.S.A. If fiscal in nature, the attorney general orders the budget director to prepare. General review of petition: Reviews done by attorney general and legislative services division (MCA 13-27-202). called General review of petition: Proponents may alter the measure in small ways after legislature reviews it. St. 32-628), Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (Neb. Art. Geographic distribution: Not more than one-fourth the of signatures shall be from one county (Const. May include a fee (RCWA 29A.72.010; 43.07.120; 29A.72.020; 29A.72.040). Art. 3519.04). 1-40-106 and 1-40-107). 19, 3; Art. 3, 50; V.A.M.S. Art. Timeline for collecting signatures: 18 months (W.S.1977 22-24-315). The high threshold for success in the double majority makes a successful referendum increasingly rare. 3, 18), Collected in-person: Yes (M.R.S.A. 2, 3; Amend. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Signature may be withdrawn not later than 5 p.m. on the date the petition containing the person's signature is filed by signing a statement of intent to withdraw at the secretary of state's office, mailing a signed, notarized statement of intent to the secretary of state or drawing a line through the signature and printed name (ARS 19-113). Which of the following political officers are not subject to recall elections? In the U.S., the terms initiative and referendum refer to processes that allow citizens of states to vote on particular pieces of legislation.. Art. Which election is a measure on: Next general election or a special election if ordered by the legislature (RCWA Const. Pamphlet contains one-sentence statements describing the effect of a "yes" or "no" vote prepared jointly by the attorney general and the state secretary (M.G.L.A. Timeline for taking effect: Upon publication of the certificate by the secretary of state of the result of the vote (Const. 12, 2; M.C.L.A. Art. Tit. Law 6-103). Art. Collected in-person: Yes (ACA 7-9-103). Where to file with: Secretary of states office and attorney general (AR Const. Although this is not always the case, legislative referenda tend to be less controversial than citizen initiatives, are more often approved by voters than citizen initiatives, and often receive higher vote thresholds. 1-40-102, 1-40-105, 1-40-106, Florida: F.S.A. And, in some states, the review is purely technical; the proposal is reviewed to ensure it meets the legal requirements for format and style and adheres to drafting conventions. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (W.S.1977 22-24-323). A warning to signers is required (CRS 1-40-110). St. 32-1405; 32-1406). Art. Const. XVI, 1 and Elec. 12, 2). project 369: the key to the universe pdf,