william the conqueror gray family

Edwin and Morcar submitted, but William continued on to York, building York and Nottingham Castles before returning south. The other, the De obitu Willelmi, or On the Death of William, has been shown to be a copy of two 9th-century accounts with names changed. [2] She later married Herluin de Conteville, with whom she had two sons Odo of Bayeux and Count Robert of Mortain and a daughter whose name is unknown. Norsemen first began raiding in what became Normandy in the late 8th century. 2, 1589 and married on October 6, 1606 to Elizabeth Ward. Hubert was besieged in his castle at Sainte-Suzanne by William's forces for at least two years, but he eventually made his peace with the king and was restored to favour. The king marched through Edwin's lands and built Warwick Castle. [101] Norman clergy were appointed to replace the deposed bishops and abbots, and at the end of the process, only two native English bishops remained in office, along with several continental prelates appointed by Edward the Confessor. In the 1050s and early 1060s, William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor, his first cousin once removed. [20] The support given to the exiled English princes in their attempt to return to England in 1036 shows that the new duke's guardians were attempting to continue his father's policies,[2] but Archbishop Robert's death in March 1037 removed one of William's main supporters, and conditions in Normandy quickly descended into chaos. xxxx xxxxxxx London, England. The remaining earls Edwin (of Mercia), Morcar (of Northumbria), and Waltheof (of Northampton) were confirmed in their lands and titles. [7][c], William was born in 1027 or 1028 at Falaise, Duchy of Normandy, most likely towards the end of 1028. [119] William departed Normandy in July 1080,[120] and in the autumn his son Robert was sent on a campaign against the Scots. The seal shows a mounted knight and is the first extant example of an. Her execution, 1554, was soon He crossed back and forth between the continent and England at least 19 times between 1067 and his death. [52] William's main hobby appears to have been hunting. The exact reasons are unclear, as no contemporary author recorded what caused the quarrel between the half-brothers. Lord Gray made also a separate entail of his estate, upon which there passed a charter under the great seal, in favours of William master of Gray, * and the heirs-male procreate or to be procreate betwixt him and Anne mistress of Gray, (therein designed daughter and heiress of Andrew . Members Aug 29, 2018. The listings describe the holding, who owned the land before the Conquest, its value, what the tax assessment was, and usually the number of peasants, ploughs, and any other resources the holding had. Edgar the theling also appears to have been given lands. were both executed in 1483, by the notorious Richard III. The Bayeux Tapestry has been claimed to show Harold's death by an arrow to the eye, but that may be a later reworking of the tapestry to conform to 12th-century stories in which Harold was slain by an arrow wound to the head. Thomas Gray were living there in 1579. It is believed that John Gray of Stapleford Tawney descended from the [60] The trip is unlikely given William's absorption in warfare with Anjou at the time. The period from 1047 to 1054 saw almost continuous warfare, with lesser crises continuing until 1060. baptized November 25, 1610, buried January 20, 1621. It was an annual tax based on the value of landholdings, and it could be collected at differing rates. [n][79] Events after the invasion, which included the penance William performed and statements by later popes, do lend circumstantial support to the claim of papal approval. records. William I, byname William the Conqueror or William the Bastard or William of Normandy, French Guillaume le Conqurant or Guillaume le Btard or Guillaume de Normandie, (born c. 1028, Falaise, Normandy [France]died September 9, 1087, Rouen), duke of Normandy (as William II) from 1035 and king of England (as William I) from 1066, one of the greatest soldiers and rulers of the Middle Ages . There were other potential claimants, including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, whom Edward named as king on his deathbed in January 1066. [94] But the families of Harold and his brothers lost their lands, as did some others who had fought against William at Hastings. Parish Registers of Stapleford Tawney, Essex Co., England, as printed at Family legend says that he and brother left Tiverton to settle all across the country. He received from Robert the Castle and honor As William is an 11th generation descendant of Charlemagne (747-814), the people below also descend from . [93], William remained in England after his coronation and tried to reconcile the native magnates. The Grays were in Wales by 1283 when King Edward created new Marcher After returning to Normandy in 1072, he spent around 130 months in Normandy as against about 40 months in England. One story implicates Earl Godwin of Wessex in Alfred's subsequent death, but others blame Harold. The crowning of William the Conqueror was "celebrated" by setting buildings on fire. He did not try to integrate his domains into one empire but continued to administer each part separately. Her rule was contested by Robert, Baldwin's brother. It was a fairly simple administrative system, built around the ducal household,[53] which consisted of a group of officers including stewards, butlers, and marshals. On the death The diploma is dated 8th January 1639, * which was afterwards ratified in parliament, 17th November 1641. The Whitsun council saw the appointment of Lanfranc as the new Archbishop of Canterbury, and Thomas of Bayeux as the new Archbishop of York, to replace Ealdred, who had died in September 1069. He enjoyed excellent health until old age, although he became quite fat in later life. Although he led an expedition into Maine, the result was instead a negotiated settlement arranged by a papal legate. A Marcher Lordship passed from an Owain to son-in-law John Charleton. But after he was killed in February 1071 at the Battle of Cassel, Robert became count. Although some of his supporters tried to dissuade him from undertaking the journey, he convened a council in January 1035 and had the assembled Norman magnates swear fealty to William as his heir[2][15] before leaving for Jerusalem. . worldwide traders. [106], William returned to England to release his army from service in 1073 but quickly returned to Normandy, where he spent all of 1074. [30], William's next efforts were against Guy of Burgundy, who retreated to his castle at Brionne, which William besieged. de Gray, who was in high favor with King Richard I and King John. This would have been considered tampering with the king's authority over his vassals, which William would not have tolerated. He took part in church councils and made several appointments to the Norman episcopate, including the appointment of Maurilius as Archbishop of Rouen. [65] William's western border was thus secured, but his border with Brittany remained insecure. [115], In late 1077 or early 1078 trouble began between William and his eldest son, Robert. Walcher was killed on 14 May 1080, and the king dispatched his half-brother Odo to deal with the rebellion. http://members.aol.com/rinewpor/famhist.html. Earl of Kent, Chief of the ancient and illustrious house of Gray, so dignified [31] To address the growing power of the Count of Anjou, Geoffrey Martel,[32] William joined with King Henry in a campaign against him, the last known cooperation between the two. King Robert Bruce when he ascended the throne. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy . He marched to the River Tees, ravaging the countryside as he went. [78] William of Poitiers also relates that the duke obtained the consent of Pope Alexander II for the invasion, along with a papal banner. Museum number . [100] The historian David Bates sees this coronation as the ceremonial papal "seal of approval" for William's conquest. [2], There are indications that Robert may have been briefly betrothed to a daughter of King Cnut, but no marriage took place. Robert raided into Lothian and forced Malcolm to agree to terms, building a fortification (the 'new castle') at Newcastle upon Tyne while returning to England. Although Alexander did give papal approval to the conquest after it succeeded, no other source claims papal support prior to the invasion. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. in Northumberland. [i] The marriage nevertheless went ahead some time in the early 1050s,[43][j] possibly unsanctioned by the pope. [3] Normandy may have been used as a base when Scandinavian attacks on England were renewed at the end of the 10th century, which would have worsened relations between England and Normandy. [55] Most of the income came from the ducal lands, as well as from tolls and a few taxes. and Maine. (born 860 A.D.). William of Jumiges claimed that Harold was killed by the duke. [20], The anarchy in the duchy lasted until 1047,[21] and control of the young duke was one of the priorities of those contending for power. "Gray Lord Gray in Scotland, same arms as My Lord Gray of Wark and found in. children: Richard, baptized August 1608, buried October 9, 1613. He died in early July at Nicea, on his way back to Normandy. [100] William's half-brother Odo perhaps expected to be appointed to Canterbury, but William probably did not wish to give that much power to a family member. [68] Meanwhile, another contender for the throne had emerged Edward the Exile, son of Edmund Ironside and a grandson of thelred II, returned to England in 1057, and although he died shortly after his return, he brought with him his family, which included two daughters, Margaret and Christina, and a son, Edgar the theling. 10711087)", "Robert, duke of Normandy (b. in or after 1050, d. 1134)", "Les femmes dans l'histoire du duch de Normandie (Women in the history of ducal Normandy)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_the_Conqueror&oldid=1152709080, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 21:01. [93] These captures secured William's rear areas and also his line of retreat to Normandy, if that was needed. father or the son. They included the duke's uncle Robert, the archbishop of Rouen, who had originally opposed the duke; Osbern, a nephew of Gunnor the wife of Richard I; and Gilbert of Brionne, a grandson of Richard I. [4] In an effort to improve matters, King thelred the Unready took Emma, sister of Richard II, Duke of Normandy, as his second wife in 1002. The early castles were simple earth and timber constructions, later replaced with stone structures. William's final years were marked by difficulties in his continental domains, troubles with his son, Robert, and threatened invasions of England by the Danes. [64] William appointed a Norman to the bishopric of Le Mans in 1065. The historian Frank Barlow points out that William had suffered from his uncle Mauger's ambitions while young and thus would not have countenanced creating another such situation. [33] Geoffrey attempted to expand his authority into the county of Maine, especially after the death of Hugh IV of Maine in 1051. [94] Both men were also named to earldoms fitzOsbern to Hereford (or Wessex) and Odo to Kent. When he died in June, 1681, he left the largest estate William I ruled England from 1066 until his death in 1087. He made arrangements for the governance of England in early 1067 before returning to Normandy. This second force defeated the invaders at the Battle of Mortemer. Scotland and Ireland. Learn about the history of this surname and heraldry from our database and online image library. He celebrated Christmas at Winchester and dealt with the aftermath of the rebellion. [24] Although many of the Norman nobles engaged in their own private wars and feuds during William's minority, the viscounts still acknowledged the ducal government, and the ecclesiastical hierarchy was supportive of William. [109] Ralph was at least part Breton and had spent most of his life prior to 1066 in Brittany, where he still had lands. [49] Geoffrey Martel described him as without equal as a fighter and as a horseman. [97], Early in 1069, Edgar the theling rose in revolt and attacked York. [63] No English source mentions a supposed embassy by Archbishop Robert to William conveying the promise of the succession, and the two Norman sources that mention it, William of Jumiges and William of Poitiers, are not precise in their chronology of when this visit took place. There are those like Captain [54], William cultivated close relations with the church in his duchy. William the Conqueror after Hastings, image extracted from Poems for Christmas, Easter, and New Year's, 1885, on Wikimedia Commons. This was an advantage for William, as it was the only universal tax collected by western European rulers during this period. The French king, seeking a focus for those opposed to William's power, then proposed that Edgar be given the castle of Montreuil-sur-Mer on the Channel, which would have given Edgar a strategic advantage against William. The Grays were closely allied with the Royal house of England and were Swein's death in 1014 allowed thelred to return home, but Swein's son Cnut contested thelred's return. Burkes Peerage says: "The family of Gray is of great antiquity Andrew Morton Carr Descendant of the right-hand general Ker of William the Conqueror. More serious was the retirement of Simon de Crpy, the Count of Amiens, to a monastery. family of Stapleford were similar to the names in Edward Grays family. [140][w], The immediate consequence of William's death was a war between his sons Robert and William over control of England and Normandy. So William had three kids we care about: William II, Henry I and Adela. The second, which included some who became William's firm supporters, such as Robert, Count of Eu, Walter Giffard, Roger of Mortemer, and William de Warenne, faced the other invading force. William remained in Normandy while his men in England subdued the revolt. The name has various spellings and includes GRAY and GREY - sometimes different spellings occur in the same generation of a single family.The first Gray to arrive in the United States was John Gray in about 1620.The origins of the name would seem to be multiple. Orderic also related that Odo had attempted to persuade some of William's vassals to join Odo in an invasion of southern Italy. The Church, under the influence of the, The reasons for the prohibition are not clear. Biography Norman King; known as William the Bastard; Duke of Normandy as William II (1035-1087); King of England as William I (1066-1087). Although this was William's first defeat in battle, it did little to change things. 2. [126], At first, most of the newly settled Normans kept household knights and did not settle their retainers with fiefs of their own, but gradually these household knights came to be granted lands of their own, a process known as subinfeudation. [146], William and his wife Matilda had at least nine children. It may have been Norman propaganda designed to discredit Harold, who had emerged as the main contender to succeed King Edward. Another Tiverton Gray, Pardon Gray was active during the war also. He decisively defeated and killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. This is detail between different branches of the same family of Rotherfield, Codmore, Wilton, Rhuthun, Groby and Rugemont, the Viscount Sometimes deputies were appointed to deal with specific issues. Family visits Group . Joshua, William was the son of the unmarried Duke Robert I of Normandy and his mistress Herleva. George Herbert Walker Bush (1924- ), 41st President of the US. William was unhorsed by Robert and was only saved from death by an Englishman, Toki son of Wigod, who was himself killed. [48] The birth order of the sons is clear, but no source gives the relative order of birth of the daughters. Regarding the Grays of Scotland being of the same family, Nesbits says, Other sons were granted earldoms later: Gyrth as Earl of East Anglia in 1057 and Leofwine as Earl of Kent sometime between 1055 and 1057. life and of her heroic death will long illuminate the pages of one of the English resistance had also begun, with Eadric the Wild attacking Hereford and revolts at Exeter, where Harold's mother Gytha was a focus of resistance. Gray was one of William the Conquerors companions in arms at the battle By far the most disturbing fact . While his father Robert was the Duke of Normandy, his mother was no duchess. A sheriff was responsible for royal justice and collecting royal revenue. was too old to go to war, but he used his extensive farm and fortune to . 1. Descendants King Philip of France later relieved the siege and defeated William at the Battle of Dol in 1076, forcing him to retreat back to Normandy. By the time of William's death in 1087, around 500 castles had been built across England and Wales. from tree Kittredge Family Tree (Private) Birth. [14] After his accession, Robert continued Norman support for the English princes Edward and Alfred, who were still in exile in northern France. [88], Harold's body was identified the day after the battle, either through his armour or marks on his body. The funeral, attended by the bishops and abbots of Normandy as well as his son Henry, was disturbed by the assertion of a citizen of Caen who alleged that his family had been illegally despoiled of the land on which the church was built. While seizing Mantes, William either fell ill or was injured by the pommel of his saddle. Also, the charters and documents produced for the government in Normandy differed in formulas from those produced in England. Chillingham, England, Motto, Anchor Fast Anchor. Pardon was a grandson of Edward of Tiverton add very active in town government He escaped and, by traveling William was able to secure the departure of Sweyn and his fleet in 1070,[103] allowing him to return to the continent to deal with troubles in Maine, where the town of Le Mans had revolted in 1069. Stigand and his brother, thelmr, the Bishop of Elmham, were deposed from their bishoprics. This WWW page was copied from Suffolk, all of that surname derived from the honor and Castle of Gray, [40] Henry and Geoffrey led another invasion of Normandy in 1057 but were defeated by William at the Battle of Varaville. The ceremony took place in Westminster. that John Gray was not native to Stapleford Tawney, but was only a resident Gray instead of Grey is almost universally used in the different branches [110], In 1075, during William's absence, Ralph de Gael, the Earl of Norfolk, and Roger de Breteuil, the Earl of Hereford, conspired to overthrow William in the "Revolt of the Earls". Ralph was bottled up in Norwich Castle by the combined efforts of Odo of Bayeux, Geoffrey de Montbray, Richard fitzGilbert, and William de Warenne. He registered for military service in 1066. Holland, in 1622. William was always described as close to his wife, and her death would have added to his problems. William the Conqueror and his son Robert, 1865 (Credit: John Cassell). de Gray, (III) John from whom the most illustrious branches of the house [132], William took over an English government that was more complex than the Norman system. Northumberland persuaded the sickly Edward VI to name Lady Jane Grey as his heir just before his death on 6 July 1553.
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