list of borana abba gada

Accordingly, all semi-retired members belonging to all yuuba grades will attend the Gadaa General Assembly. In this example, we have an age requirement, genealogical relationship, and moiety. The first has nothing to do with genealogical ties. These two concepts Gadaa-sets and Gadaa-grades are important to a clear understanding of Gadaa. Berlin: Reimer, 1991. xZmoF a>JX4z9/n}PlVW?#z[ 33~|&YiG['>{X__qH:AB)pMu}:\_n}HVg%/W|-CL;Ok#dmm6U%Y+Y%Vv8:'qS#{B\=y! His eyes still shine with the rigor of his long past youth. Abba Gada allows the Borana to estimate the stage their society has reached in its ritual progression through time (1973:188). These forms of government have its own leader called Abba Gada, and Abba . Russ Heltman. (LogOut/ That of vulture which presides over the spoil and quest (5). Courtesy: The Abbaa Boku was also supported by a council, known as Shanee or salgee, and retired Gadaa officials. 185 0 obj <> endobj Though the nomenclature of each five cyclic Gadaa classes varies across the Oromo land, in essence, all are the same. Despite kinship relationships are being such an important factor in Oromo society, those who are elected to office are expected to serve without regard to kinship ties. He takes a seat at the head of the council as he has done, for eight years, since the beginning of his rule. On the other hand, it allows the Boran people to watch the performance and credibility of the elected (de facto) leaders. His main responsibility included assisting the Abbaa Boku, especially during the time of war. age, initiation, interval, and size) the more it gets complicated. During the election the activities such asthe assurance of readiness of recommended candidates and notification thereof within the reasonable period of time for election campaigns; fathers of the candidates may be part of the election process; and lastly, notification of election results takes place. Hence, it is customary to move from home o home to find their age-mates. There are five Gadaa parties known as shanan Gadaa Oromoo. Consider the above diagram (a model and summary) of the Gadaa grades. The first and the most prominent figure is . what is ward 4 altnagelvin hospital. endobj 29-1 Introduction Ethiopia is said to have abundant potential water resources, all emanating within its territory. [30] But still, there are Boranas who are Muslims and others who are Christians as well and they all value their system as an asset. He is a councilor representing his clan like the rest of the councilors with the same and equal vote and authority when a decision is to be made. After a few minutes, the head of the council arrives, the Abba Gada or father of Gada as he was called in the Borana tongue. The five Gadaa parties orderly come to power. an Abba bokkuu or Abbaa Gada. One of the peculiar features of senior gamme is their tendency to be organized as responsible friends hariyya and mobilize themselves for a continuous five years, especially during summer time. Married Borana men look in their direction them from afar, as they water the camels. It is an indigenous system of government where leaders are elected to position of authority through the will and active participation of the people they represent.For people who have studied the system and worked with the Gada Councilors, it is absolutely clear that Gada is a functioning democracy. A futuristic, governance 2.0 project called BitGadaa[31] draws inspiration from the principles and structure of Gadaa. However, given the length of the waiting years (to become de jure leader) factors such as natural (health) and human (wars) may contribute to the death of some of the councilors. The Borana is one of the two major subgroups of the Oromo people.They live in the Borena Zone of the Oromia Region and Liben Zone of the Somali Region of Ethiopia, former Northern Frontier District of Northern Kenya,Tana River in the former coast province of Kenya and also in central Somalia.Boranas living in Kenya and Ethiopia speak a dialect of Oromo and those living in central Somalia share . A son to be initiated (along with his peers and to form a generation-set), he has to be five Gadaa grades away from his fathers set. It is evident from the Boran Gadaa history that there is the high percentage of premature (before assuming political power) death. First and foremost, the term generation does not mean age-peers as understood in the West. Qae is answerable to Jalab, Jalab is answerable to Qalu, and Qalu is answerable to Fite Qalu. U%.T syO pvyc{CC7-uZ 1 G J6@H-##Ot@rDMp~ $tZ Between the third and fourth Gadaa grades, boys become adolescent and initiated into taking serious social responsibilities. Years ago Boranas became Muslims, three time of three consecutive Abagadhas and goes back to fully to their tradition three consecutive Abagadhas after this. %PDF-1.4 % Since this Gadaa grade is the most essential stage. exists for that purpose. The Abbaa Boku (the father of scepter) was a chairman who presided over the assembly. Gadamojjii (full retirement) is the terminal and sacred stage of the Gadaa grade refers to that are entering into or going out of the gadamojji Gadaa grade. Today we seem to have forgotten these important rules, and cattle invade and damage forests every dry season. In nutshell senior gamme had to undergo three main collective social activities (as part of Gadaa development): age-sets formation (hariyya), rendezvous (Walargi), and feast (nyachisa) ceremonies covering the entire eight-year period. Hence based on the variants they are established on Age-sets may be divided into two: elementary age-sets and complex or advanced age-sets. The scope of gatherings ranges from socio-economic to cultural/entertainment activities. Considering the symbolic significance of Gadaa for the Oromo, as well as its structural innovations, researchers in law, indigenous studies, and pan-Africanism are exploring how the system could be utilized in the 21st century. 0000009484 00000 n 0000012974 00000 n Gadaa [1] ( Oromo: Gadaa; literally: era) is the indigenous democratic system of governance used by the Oromos in Ethiopia and northern Kenya. Therefore, the Boran did arrange a pragmatic system for the sons of elders by allowing them to be treated as equals despite differences in their ages. How Perfect Is Ethiopian Calander? 1 0 obj [14] It is the system with which the Oromo people have been governing themselves in a democratic way for centuries. Maakkala Abba Gada's assistants - messengers who help the hayyu to implement their tasks, particularly through keeping communications with the local communities, scattered throughout Borana land. Hence, among the Borana, late-born sons of a man should be introduced to the same Gadaa grade as his brothers despite the difference in their age. In the Borana community, where many elements of the Gadaa system still exist, the assembly known as Gumi Gayyo (the assembly of multitudes) brings together every type of important living leaders, such as living Abba Gaddas, the qaallus, age-set councilors, clan leaders and Gadaa councilors, and other concerned individuals to make or amend or change laws and rules every eight years. Abba Herrega (an appointed officer who It was the central institution of the Oromo people that contain complex and extraordinary features. Moreover, Gada is transformed along radically different lines, what Asmarom calls a system of temporal differentiation of society having little to do with age. However, before traveling to different houses, they had to notify in advance the mothers of age-mates so that they will arrange the trip and feast for them. Every transition ritual at different levels has its own unique character, name, and procedure. These were the Abbaa Cha a, the chair of the assembly, Abbaa Dubbi, the speaker, Abbaa Seera, the Memorizer of laws Abbaa Alanga the judge, Abbaa Duula, the army commander, Abbaa saa in charge of the economy. Whereas Gadaa grades are the phases of development through which the members pass. Old and wise as his years, he trudges along, stick in hand. They are in the last stage to the Gadaa stage and are in one part of stages of Borana system. Before proceeding to the discussion of Gadaa institutions it is necessary to clarify these conceptual understandings. While in the case of the former there will be the exchange of scepter (symbol of authority); in case of the later, however, they exchange incense which is the symbol of sacredness. The system organized male Oromos according to age-sets (hirya) based on chronological age, and according to generation-sets (luba) based on genealogical generation, for social and political and economic purposes. The end of a discussion to issues was accepted without question and the Abba Muriti, the father of resolution was there to make sure of that. Seldom did division occur even among the council men because they were of the same age set like the ones who ruled before them. endstream endobj 186 0 obj <> endobj 187 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 270/Type/Page>> endobj 188 0 obj <> endobj 189 0 obj <> endobj 190 0 obj <> endobj 191 0 obj <> endobj 192 0 obj [/ICCBased 198 0 R] endobj 193 0 obj [/ICCBased 197 0 R] endobj 194 0 obj [/ICCBased 196 0 R] endobj 195 0 obj <>stream A few of them are pulling at their scraggly. He takes a seat at one end of the council as he has done at the beginning of his rule, eight years in total. In principle, every member of a Gadaa class has to attend the rite of transition. rules are determined by Abba Gada (the leader of Oromo democratic institution named Gada in which Borana is one of the branches) together with council of elders or messengers of Abba Gada. The status being a councilor in Gada Harboora is quite different from being a councilor in Gada Hawattu or Konniitu.The Gada system is not a system where authority is simply passed from fathers to sons. After a few minutes, the head of the council arrives, the Abba Gada or father of Gada as he was called in the Borana tongue. Thus transition to Kusa is accompanied with a formal ceremony. Accordingly, the objective of the election is obviously to elect members of a Gada Council (executive organ) known as the Gadaa Council (adula), which includes the Abba Gada office and others (more discussion on the Gadaa Council is held under separate section). In Western thought, the life cycle (which is bracketed by birth and death) time (which is well demarcated with mechanical devices and history (which is also mechanically recorded by chroniclers) are reasonably discrete phenomena. This article is about East African ethnic group. Borana Gadaa leaders embroiled in Kenya's dirty politics. Gada Arboora The term or the name given to the first and most senior institution of one of the three institutional pillars of Gada (Yaa'a Gada Sadeenii) Gada Sadeenii (the three pillars of Gada) in Oromo-Borana Gada system that function together as a single body.
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