graphological features in stylistics

endobj The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. (2) Device: The linguistic instrumentality designed to achieve a particular stylistic effect. Professor Niyi Osundare has it that one finger can never retrieve a fallen needle; one broomstick can never sweep the marketplace; one muscle can never make a fist; one tree can never make a forest. 2.3 Features of Linguistic Stylistics. used afterward. Lastly, do you have any question about this post or something else? These features are used frequently in poetry and provide auxiliary meaning, thought and feelings to the genre of poetry. 3.4 Research Instrument (3) Graphology: Graphology is a linguistic level of text analysis that focuses on language in print. There is a point of convergence between style and meaning. Detailed evidence of the morphological level will be sought in the selected bank adverts viz-a-viz their stylistic functional relevance. Van Peer (1993), for instance, considered typographic foregrounding and its evolution as a The graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. before. Linguistic stylistics deals with identification of language patterns in written text and spoken. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. It gives examples from graphology, phonology, morphology, s. It discusses how we recognize In other words, it is the scientific study of style. Leech and Short (2007:11) see it as the linguistic study of style or the study of language as used in literary texts, with the aim of relating it to its artistic functions (13). For this, I recognize very heartedly, my friends: Ekemini Ituen of Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works, and Miracle Sorgwe two friends more precious than gold; Lizzy Uko of Federal Polytechnic, Ukana; Nyakno Solomon of Department of Linguistics, University of Port Harcourt; Joy Akpan, Williams Ekerette and Inimfon Udoinyang, my former classmates at the Department of English, University of Uyo; Odunayo Babalola and Adeniyi and Tayo Titilayo, (my landlords sons); co-budding scholars: Kehinde Odusina and Lasisi Abu, of Department of English, Tai Solarin University of Education, Nigeria, Abosede and Mayowa Ashimolowo Michael, Mr. Gbenga (my predecessors), Victor Abel Snr. This can be identified by looking at words in italics, capital letters, bold letters, words that are underlined, and so on.  L ro#G*o"rY:wDs54!NUt4;>h That is an act of bringing This research project intends to carry out a stylistic investigation of selected Christopher Okigbos Socio-political Poems. Leech (1969:39) notes that graphology transcends orthography as it refers to the whole writing system. 2.1.6.2 Syntactic/Grammatical Level Related literatures like (Isidore, 2010, Chatman, 1967, Van Peer, 1980 etc) have revealed the fact that researchers attempt to explore at a stretch, all these levels of analysis in a text, thereby heralding some deficiencies in the individual linguistic levels. This level of analysis involves both syntax and morphology. Buy and Sell Modern House Plans at Muthurwa.com, Your email address will not be published. It majorly focuses on achieved graphological through the use of quotation marks. has its own units, in English we The nineteenth century, being characterized by revolutionary discoveries in the natural science and the rise of social science, such Sociology and Anthropology, provided a suitable atmosphere for the emergence of an objective and analytical method of inquiry. meaning in a piece of text spoken or Puttenham a Renaissance scholar, compares style to flowers, jewels, embroidery. But these definitions appear too eclectic. However, although stylistics draws its raw materials from literary works, it does not undervalue the importance of stylistics in non-literary texts. 2.2.1 Joe Ushie as an African Poet and his Thematic Concerns 3) considers, 'the . The inseparable nature of language and literature makes it is impossible for one to specialize in literature without being competent in the language in which the literature is written. Lexical level: it includes the study i.e word fixation-compounded words (carbohydrate), suffixes and prefixes, Look at individual words and their pattern of combination Certain characteristic use of words may help us to identify the context of a text, its genre, its communicative purposes, its author, and so on. How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? Importance of stylistics devices-sharpen our understanding and appreciation of literary works -helps in translation-help in giving judgment. Linguistic style also deals with the prescriptive grammar associated with the . The collocation range of this word enfolds almost every sphere of human activity. What's the most energy-efficient way to run a boiler? This assertion aligns with the view of Nkopuruk and Odusina (2019). Longe and Ofuani (1996:359) see it as solely concerned with the investigation of the artistry of language usage in literature. Rhyme scheme Keywords: Graphology, Pedagogy, Stylistics, Deviation, Foregrounding and Multimodality, Table 1 - Levenstons (1992) Model of Graphology, Table 2 - Lennards (2005) Model of Graphology, Table 3 - Present Studys Model of Graphological Categorization, Table 4 - Statistical Presentation of Selected Poems, Table 5 - Summary of Response to Research Question. It covers how some stylistic devices are applied in the female and male perfume advertising slogans based on four levels: the graphological level, the lexical level, the syntactic level and the semantic level. The evidence often used to prove the validity of graphology include its similarity to forensic handwriting analysis. levels of stylistics that concerns textual presentation. May Gods blessings abound.always counting on you too, for higher heights. Syntactic functions such as nouns (as subjects, objects, appositives, tenses etc. So, stylistics is a bridge science, creating a bond between linguistics and literature (Akwanya 2006:163). A lexical study of style involves the identification of the constituents/features of a word in a sentence. language and also describes formal rules I extend my gratitude to the authors whose literatures, I reviewed and referenced at the same time. PHONOLOGY It is the study of sound system of a language and also describes formal rules of pronunciation. Ask us a question or register to join a community of 235k+ members that receive latest education news. However, there are many figurative descriptions of this view of style during the history of Renaissance and Neo-Classical periods. 1. Analysing a text stylistically is unlike doing a 'literary' analysis as it needs to be much more objective and rooted in fact. Jane no longer writes fiction. The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES In all these centuries, style was focus on the doctrine of decorum. meanings and events. written. poem. stream Examples Eg. 3. 1. He further opines that the critic should be able to draw a distinction between the two types of context: linguistic and non-linguistic context. ,their ,him, this It was mainly developed in UK stylistics, and generally applied to the description and study of poetry and literary texts, although this was not always the case (Crystal and Davy 1969). context based study including linguistic May God bless you all.always counting on you, for higher heights. [] Graphology can also refer to the writing system of a language, as manifested in handwriting and typography; and to the other related features [] e.g. (Province), What social relationship exists between the users (status), Is there a specific format that is being used (Modality), Was the user deliberately manipulating certain features in the language use (Similarity). Features of province-identify user to a particular profession, occupational. Publish an article about your business, startup, school, product launch or event on Kenyayote. analysis of text we can know the authors One may also ask, what is graphological translation? Literary language, with its three main genres; poetry, drama, and prose, is a situational variety of English that. In this instance, certain words are foregrounded or brought to the fore to give them prominence through the use of such punctuation marks 3) What are the pedagogical influences that can be brought to bear by graphology in understanding Ushies poetry? with the description of formal features of a text and their functional importance. Therefore, to interpret a text stylistically both external and internal evidence are needed. The result is that, whereas linguistic stylistics comes up with a somewhat objective evaluation, based on realistic criteria; literary criticism comes up with that which is generally imaginative, speculative, subjective, and impressionistic (Isidore, 2010:30). The definitions of style do not only point to the instrument used by the writer but by extension, to the characteristics of the writing itself in terms of the formal property of the text and how the writer communicates meaning. This can be seen in two ways. Here, such features as the use of punctuation marks to create stylistic effects are significant. References 1). ESQUIJO FLORES Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. The use of the word may be unfamiliar. The traditional dualistic view later clashed with the monist organic view of style of the new critics. 2.1.11 Orthography (spellings) Graphology is a stylistic instrument which makes Ushie's writing peculiarity, an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. Lennards (2005) proposal on the study of graphological elements. Requirements before stylistics analysis. The most distinct graphological feature in poetry is the linear arrangement of the poem in contrast to paragraphing in the case of prose. Doing Stylistics: An Analysis of '(listen)' by E. E. Cummings 1. to answer by embarking on stylistic analysis of the graphetic and graphological, the lexical, syntactic and semantic features of selected 2011 campaign posters in Yola Metropolis of Adamawa state. Hence stylistics comes to create a mutual relationship between language and literature so as to be competent in both of them. Chapter One: INTRODUCTION Introduction Style is most often discussed in the context of literary studies. In the later years, Halliday, McIntosh and Strevens (1964:50) expanded the concept of graphology to include spellings, punctuations, capitalizations, italicizations and many other graphic resources related matters in language. Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. One embraces the pedagogical usefulness and potential of stylistics for teaching (the language of) literature. 2.1.6.4 Phonological Level It also provides Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that comprises the study of graphic aspects of language (1). For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. The graphological features must please the eye. The poetry of Joe Ushie however, is characterized by these features and these inform the desire of this study. readers. us to find out the hidden meanings to be It is assists in cultivating a sense of appropriate language use, Sharpens our understanding and appreciation of literary works, Helps us achieve adaptation during translation, Helps one in giving a fair judgment in a piece of work, Any bit of speech or writing that you can single out from a particular piece of writing, Graphetic contains features that help to foreground a text eg (italics, underlining, bolding, irregular spelling, capitalization, font size), Phonetic features comprises of spoken languages e.g voice quality, In graphologial level of you consider features like punctuations, spellings, spacing of words, In phonological you consider repetition of sounds, intonation, stress, rhythm and rhyme. 2.3.2 Graphological Features. Syntax is the study of the pattern of arrangements of how words combined to form phrases, clauses, and sentences (Jolayemi 2008). 5.2 Conclusions This traditional understanding of style has other weaknesses of being prescriptive and not descriptive in its nature and scope. Focusing on the designer's stylistic vocabulary as expressed in aesthetic themes that . Stylistics being a relatively new and independent linguistic discipline has recorded an innumerable influx of researches and literary assessment by scholars in that field; new theories, concepts, models and principles have also sprung up in the field of stylistics and attempts have in recent times been made by literary critics and stylisticians to apply these emerging theories and principles into the analysis of texts. 4.1 Significance of the Study It is the realization that context is necessary in the exploration of the pragmatic meaning that guides a language user or text producer into employing appropriate linguistic resources in the text in order to achieve the stylistic meaning. According to classical tradition, oratory is the art of discovering all possible means of persuasions. - This research is helpful in understanding the basic concepts, literal and hidden meanings of the poem. 3.8 Method of Data Analysis, Chapter Four: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 8j{~Z+ca*sI^,D8J~C[~t{* Sutardjis Tragedi Winka dan Sihka and J.E. contrasts of stress, and phoneme helps us to find out subtleties of time, place For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. @lomlfoml If you look at the poem - visually look at it - you can directly. Such levels, Crystal and Davy (1969); Turner (1973); Leech and Short (1981); among other recent scholars such as Alabi (2008); Wales (2011); Khan and Jabeen (2015) observe as being indispensable tools in analyzing a text whether spoken or written. This video lecture discusses the Graphological Level of Language in Stylistic Analysis of English Literature. McIntoshs definition caught on and developed in the sixties and served in its attempt to integrate more levels than the traditional ones when analyzing written texts. 2.1.7 The Concept of Graphology 9 is given the fact that stylistics relies on tangible linguistic evidence to unfold the writers 10 meaning or the communicative purposes of an author. contribute the totality of stylistic construction 4 Stylistic Features of Language Speech communication employs a host of expressive means ranging from linguistic to paralinguistic and extralinguistic features. Equally, the mastery of the various levels of linguistics phonetics/phonology, syntax, semantics and morphology would be unnecessary if the person cannot make a resourceful or creative use of the levels of linguistics mastered. The identified problems put together, informed the desire for this research. A Linguistic-Stylistic Analysis of Newspaper Reportage . Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. Style refers to the language conventions used to construct the authors identity and intentions. Stylistics as a method can help explain how a particular use of language works within a text for both the native and the non-native speaker and how texts are interpreted and understood by the reader. Therefore, we have basically , two types of stylistics: literary and linguistic stylistics. They write the words in such a way without any boundaries in lines, space, or rhymes. 1964: 50). A purely linguistic approach will only serve as good academic experience without benefiting experience, whereas, a purely literary work will lose sight of relevant forms of language which conceal within their patterns of experience, Ogunsiji and Farinde (2010). (Regional dialect), Which social class does the person belong to? GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. Stylistic variations in language are reections of factors like context, author-reader dynamics, and the backgrounds of the parties involved. unit). 2.1.15 The Place of Deviation in Stylistics advertisement, examining graphological, lexical, syntactic, grammatical and semantic style markers. Deviation may occur at any level of language description. 2.1.13 Pictography (graphical elements) Such a process is valuable, for example, in the contemporary creative writing classroom. The analysis is made under the aspects of phonological, morphological, graphological, and lexicosyntactic levels. 1 0 obj Put simply, this level is concerned with the meaning of words and sentences. E.g. Deviation on the other hand happens to be the sharpest way through which a writer foregrounds his intention and achieves aesthetics. In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. The linguistic levels of analysis have often been the hallmark of any stylistic analysis of a text. and what was in the past. amount of vocabulary Stylistics studies and describes the formal features of the text, that is, the levels of expression vis--vis the content, thus bringing out their functional significance for the interpretation of the work. This paper is an attempt to shed light on linguistic deviation in literary style. In its application to literary texts, it specifically focuses on the meaning and value attached to the text. word/s figure 1.2, or table 1.1 - It also uses chemical symbols, formulae, like H 2 O, H 2 SO 4, A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE SYNTACTIC FEATURES AND COHESIVE DEVICES IN THE COLUMNISTS USE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN NIGERIAN NEWSPAPERS ABSTRACT The study was a stylistic analysis of the syntactic features and cohesive devices in the columnists use of language in Nigerian Newspapers. Introduction to Stylistics The Nature and Goals of Stylistics 11 Course Module 1. Pedagogical stylistics is intrinsically linked with the teaching of the linguistic features of written texts as a means of enhancing students understanding of literature and language. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? The present study presents a modification arising from the previously proposed models in the study of graphological elements, the example of Lennards (2005) and Levenstons (1992). What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels. Detailed explanations of these levels are given below. prominent syllable) meaning, ideas, focuses and The theory underlying graphology is that handwriting is an expression of personality; hence, a systematic analysis of the way words and letters are formed can reveal traits of personality. <> of pronunciation. It therefore becomes the duty of a stylistician to bring about the close examination of the linguistic particularities or peculiarities of a literary work, an understanding of the anatomy and functions of the language. or background belief relating to an utterance whose truth Text Analysis in Stylistics. Although this assertion may raise a seeming contrast between the terms linguistic stylistics and literary stylistics, a definition of these terms provided by Isidore can remove this confusion: Stylistics is the scientific study of style. Stylistics are used to determines the form of language as being used and the effects of that particular variety used, Stylistics also helps us to understand that language has several varieties which are distinctive to each other. It also assists in understanding the meaning of a text. For her, graphology or graphemics is the study of graphemes and any other element related to the written medium, and of the linguistic system that is manifested through these: The study of such units [graphemes] in a language is called graphemics or graphology. 8 Burn Road #13-14 Trivex Spelling, lexical features Different registers make particular use of such graphological features as: size of print and capitalization in newspaper and advertising lay-outs; different typefaces and sizes in dictionaries such as this one; special lines in poetry, etc. Reflections on the authors intentions, textuality, measurements of responses of readers as well as discussions about literary texts to be included in the canon formation influence approaches to the way literature is taught and the view that in learning a foreign language its literature should be read. Furthermore, Enkvist (1973: 92) observes that linguistic stylistics differs from literary criticism where brilliant intuitions and elegant, often metaphoric, verbalizations of subjective responses are at a premium. intonation and their relation to rhythm. Identify four other types of stylistics apart from linguistic and literary stylistics; Identify the features focused on at the phono-graphological level; . The knowledge gained from the study of pedagogical stylistics will help students in understanding how language, grammar and rhetoric function in texts. The researcher posits that Achebe uses italics for emphasis, to reflect foreign concepts or cultural beliefs as well as to create humour. Also called handwriting analysis. Also, stylistic tools like phonological, grammatical, lexical, and graphological features were employed to aid the flow of the message and the organizational structures of the poem. This statement presupposes that Jane wrote fiction However, such a deliberate use of sounds will also have meaning since one does not use language in a vacuum. Table 2. The result reveals the use of phono-graphological features to indicate contrastive stress and focus information. In this paper, the graphological features such as capitalization, font-face, colours, punctuation, layout, spelling and paragraphing will be looked at as well as their stylistic relevance to the advert. -Unfamiliar expressions % 2) To what extent are the identified patterns of graphology signifiers of meaning? This level according to Alabi (2008) is the level of sounds and sounds combination. 2.1.9 Present study categorization of graphological devices They include: Spelling, punctuation, typography and layout (see table 1) below. are not directly referable to any observable linguistic features of texts, and one of the long-term aims of stylistics must be to see how far such descriptions can be justified in terms of descriptions of a more linguistic kind. How graphological deviation may affect an authors meaning and produce aesthetic effects has been the major focus of scholars within the stylistics jurisdiction in recent times. Similarity features-similarity features are normally temporary. The ultimate aim of carrying out a research is to develop knowledge. language, it studies the sound system. The present model is occasioned by the need to accommodate the invading trends of graphology and to stand in the gap created by Levenstons and Lennards. It describes patterns of writing that distinguish the writer's style, for example capitalization, punctuation, spacing and so on. The novelty of the definition offered by Wales (2001) lies in the fact that it broadens the spectrum of elements to be analyzed within the category of graphology beyond the letters of the alphabet, which is something that has not been considered until very recently. 7.1 Conceptual Definition of Terms, Chapter Two: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE All Rights Reserved. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The use of language is one of the most distinctive characteristics of the human species. The importance of graphology in a text is to capture the eye of the reader. 5.4 Contributions to knowledge. Kenyayote.com is an Education news site that is dedicated to covering the Education Industry.Copyright 2023 Kenyayote.com . features that make its language distinct. Other graphological features include: the unusual but symbolic spacing, the italicizing of certain words and passages to denote a different context, the frequency of some punctuation marks and their prosodic and semiotic effects are the other possible graphological features of poetry. conversations. GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. This confusion with vague meaning may be due to its double filiation, i.e graphology as it concerns the study of writing systems, and as it also concerns character analysis based on handwriting. | Managed by Kyote Internet Group |. and forming systemic use of sound in Short and Candlin (1989 . Keywords: Stylistic analysis, graphological, phonological, morphological, lexico-syntactic patterns 1. Through stylistics we learn to analyze speaking and writing habits. Alliteration Stylistics is only a part of applied linguistics family and not a core branch; this is because it is concerned with the practical methods of assisting in the explanation of intuitive reader responses to a work of literature without any criticism of badness or goodness of the writing. 5. individual point of views. Which reverse polarity protection is better and why? whether the selected stylistic features do indeed capture the attention of readers, in the sense of making them notice more. In this respect, stylistics is interested in person, events. Many scholars have all shared their diverse views about the levels of stylistic analysis. (Discourse medium), How many participants are there in text participation (monologue or dialogue), Which specific act are the users engaged in? the words that are repeated more than one 2.1.6 Linguistic Levels of Stylistic Analysis what is stylistics and its levels 1.Phonological level 2.Graphological leve What is Style and Stylistics? For Samuel Wesley, it is a dress of thought. a brief summary of phonological and Graphological level in stylistics. Khan and Jabeen (2015:128) see the lexical level of stylistics analysis as the study of the way in which individual words and idioms tend to pattern in different linguistic contexts on the meaning level in terms of stylistics. Medium-medium of communication affects the way language is used. She also gives equal importance to the writing system itself and to the discipline that focuses on its analysis, since these are the key aspects that define the concept of graphology. These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features From the aspects of graphological features, lexical features, syntactic features and semantic features, the thesis summarizes the stylistic features of English news report of public health emergency. the study of semantics, word formation, Morphology to Jolayemi (2008) is the study of word-formation, in other words, the study of how morphemes (smallest units of a word) whether free or bound form words. Repetition of certain constants (nasal, In poetry, metre (meter in American spelling) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse. Again, although there are arising researches in the area of stylistics, none of these has dwelt on a linguistic stylistic study of Joe Ushies poetry. Sutardjis Tragedi Winka dan Sihka and J.E. Levenstons (1992) proposal on the study of graphological elements. 2. Kenyayote.com uses Cookies to improve your experience. Literary work is the field par excellence of stylistics. (5) Poetry: Poetry is a genre of literature which arises as a reaction to mans interaction with nature and the attempt to express such experience in beautiful lexical items. In the area of stylistics, graphological knowledge is central to the understanding and better appreciation of a literary text. Finally, students whose interests are narrowed into the field of linguistic stylistics need an articulate and current work in the field to update their knowledge. This graphological deviation foregrounds two different discourses used by the poet; army discourse in the octave, church discourse in the sestet." The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author. speech, clauses and phrases used in writing. The centre of focus was the authors style which was considered a major theme of this field of study. -nature of vocabulary (use of simple or difficult words, vocabulary is archaic or modern, words used are concrete or abstract), -lexical relations that exists between words (use of synonyms, antonyms, use of unique words, use of borrowed words e.g Kikuyu word in an English text), They include factors that arise from a person. In a more generalized perspective, Enkvist (1973:11) regards it as discipline concerned with the theory and analysis of style(qtd. This is why the present study specifically addresses how the author communicates meaning through the device of graphology. Both linguistic stylistics and literary criticism rigorously analyze and synthesize a work of art with a common aim of presenting both the merits and the demerits of the work, and in so doing, elucidate the work. interpretation of a simple discourse and and morphology. The graphological style of the author is featured In this paper, the graphological features such as capitalization, font-face, colours, punctuation, layout, spelling and paragraphing will be looked at as well as their stylistic relevance to the advert. In other words, graphology is to written language what phonology is to spoken language. simple interpretation of a complex The second problem formulation is answered by linking up the finding in language features to get the meaning of the poems. 5.1 Summary The other includes the role of stylistics in L1 and L2 pedagogies, that is, the teaching and learning of (English) language through literature. Tatengkengs Kuncup are good example for. They also said that the major aim of studying stylistics is to explore the meanings and understand the linguistic features of the text. the analysis of context, social and The context level can also be referred to as the pragmatic level of stylistic analysis.
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