5 factors affecting political participation

Faced with violence, voters are generally pushed away from electoral politics. This, in turn, made women lose interest in political issues, events, and party activities. Introduction Political participation is the core component in democratic politics and is the essential requirement in the construction of socialism political civilization (W. Gao, 2008). Webfactors affecting participation in politics be citizens reactions to government policies and specically whether those policies are consonant with their pre-ferences? This result was consistent with the studies of Atiyat (2017), Fitzgerald (2013), Taft (2014), Roth and Saunders (2019), which confirmed the low voting of females. There is no consensus among scholars whether to include in its definition illegal as well as legal activity, unsuccessful and successful attempts of influence and involuntary as well as voluntary action. Globalization has influenced American politics by increasing the extent to which the United States influences, and is influenced by, the values of other countries. Political scientists have determined that presidential election turnout is underestimated on average by 4 percent, which translates into hundreds of thousands of votes (Flanigan & Zingale, 1999). Most important, young people did not see any role or tangible achievement of the elected councils. Another study asserted that there is a reluctance from young people to participate in voting, joining political parties and contributing to political campaigns (Homana, 2018, p. 40). After Arab Spring revolutions had broken out in the late 2010s, peaceful demonstrations and protests began in Jordan. The more the age varies, the more the students voting in the elections differs. Riots can result in destruction of property, looting, physical harm, and even death. Which of the following best explains how the organization can operate to influence. It acts as a powerful reference group in its own right. 53 No. People with higher education are more likely to participate WebHowever, this desired impact can be impeded by a variety of factors, including a lack of political incentives or limited state capacity to implement these mechanisms. Soon after the verdict was announced, riots broke out. Voting 8. Support activities can lead to active participation, as people learn about issues through these events and decide to become involved. Moreover, the reason for not voting was the ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils with (20.3 per cent) for the Jordanians and Inefficiency of candidates for such councils with (38.4 per cent) for the (Palestinians). Direct link to madison.rawlins25's post i dont know. 453-479. Four white officers were tried in criminal court for the use of excessive force, and they were acquitted of all but one charge. Psychological analysis Examining what causes an individual to run for office, decide to Moreover, they concluded that high income and wealth encourage individuals to political participation and engaging in government. The more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of Jordanians students. The Watts riots in 1965 were the first of a number of civil disturbances in American cities. can these political beliefs be made but can be stolen if suggested by the opposite sex(Woman suggests man takes idea as his own)? (2011), Studying gender in US politics: where do we go from here?, Politics and Gender, Vol. 2, pp. It has been argued that there is a positive correlation between these two processes and the political participation. WebFactors influencing women political participation: The case of the SADC region. Quantitative research method was used in this study. Solt (2008) and Brady et al. It gives recognition to the national parties, state parties and regional parties. The edited video showing the beating of King told a different story of police brutality and was the basis of much controversy. They suffer from bad social and economic conditions because most of the wealth and resources are concentrated in the hands of businessmen. Also, the ratio of women's political participation is low. There are many ways to advocate for a cause. The pool of eligible voters has expanded from primarily white, male property owners at the founding to include black men after the Civil War, women after 1920, and eighteen- to twenty-year-olds after 1971. Also, some social factors such as tribal affiliation affects students voting. As a part of its instrumental functions, the party contacts and registers voters, selects party nominees, organizes campaign activities, mobilizes rallies to influence the electorate during elections to vote and at o her occasions to favour their programmes. Based on the above. (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1977). 84-94. Modes of participation 7. Members may engage in lobbying efforts and take part in demonstrations to publicize their concerns. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the political participation of Jordanian university students, especially their voting in national and local elections. 2 No. The results showed the following: First: The more the gender varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of male students as there was a gender gap between the voting of male and female students in the national and local elections. 3, pp. In terms of patient-reported outcomes after OWHTO, several preoperative factors, intraoperative procedures, and postoperative radiological parameters have been posited as candidate influencing factors. In addition to the requirement that voters must be eighteen years of age, states can enforce residency requirements that mandate the number of years a person must live in a place before being eligible to vote. The election commission has the right to allow symbols to the political parties. 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-05-2019-0072, Copyright 2019, Mohammad Soud Alelaimat, Published in Review of Economics and Political Science. People can work in an election campaign, contact public officials, circulate a petition, join a political organization, and donate money to a candidate or a cause. 4, pp. Leadership operates globally with explicit power to influence people in the dynamic context of society, including state politics, church relationships, and social events. Co-operative activity. In addition, it led the marginalized groups to be reluctant to participate in the voting. 5 No. In most cases, individuals must download the form, sign it, and mail it in. For example, political participation includes These universities do not represent all segments of Jordanian society. For example, refugees in any country, who are granted the right to vote in elections, while they are suffering from the shortage of basic services, they would feel discontent and in turn they would disregard voting in the elections. WebSocioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. 571-589. But this political apathy influences political participation it is not much clear and certain. Participation in the 2008 presidential election was greater than usual, as people were motivated by the open race and the candidate choices. Race relations in Los Angeles in 1991 were strained. (2003), Not all cues are created equal: the conditional impact of female candidates on political engagement, Journal of Politics, Vol. These amendments aimed at increasing the ratio of women's representation and voting, by granting equal rights for women to vote and run in elections, such as a quota in Parliament. The social environment definitely has an impact on political participation. A large majority of people who have registered to vote participate in presidential elections. This, in turn, increases their political participation (Leigh, 2018, p. 9). Social and economic analysis How a citizens living situation, weather, finances, or family issues affect their political behavior. The main reason for voting in the elections according to gender was practicing the constitutional right. with (49.5 per cent) for males and (20.4 per cent) for females. Extreme discontent with a particular societal condition can lead to rioting. This was consistent with the studies of Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Homana (2018), which confirmed the low participating of young people in voting. Socioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. Also, It was noted that the number of students with family income (500 less than 700 dinars) was the total number of (185) including (171) participated in the voting with (92.4 per cent) in the same category. In all states except Maine, Vermont, and Massachusetts, inmates serving time for committing felonies lose their right to vote. Pengetahuan terhadap politik sangat The United States holds a large number of elections, and each is governed by specific rules and schedules. Visit emeraldpublishing.com/platformupdate to discover the latest news and updates, Answers to the most commonly asked questions here, The impact of social websites over Jordanian students intentions of active political participation: an application of theory of planned behavior, International Review of Management and Marketing, Jordanian women participation in the parliamentary elections of 2016: field study in Albalqa governorate, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Not all cues are created equal: the conditional impact of female candidates on political engagement, Gender, political participation and electoral systems: a cross-national analysis, Gendered characteristics of political engagement in college students, Beyond SES: a resource model of political participation, A British Gender Gap? This declining continued until the national elections in 2012, where the ratio of youth participation (ages 19-24years old) in voting was (41 per cent), and they were reluctant to engage in election campaigns and contacting elected officials. 1, pp. New media provide novel opportunities for political participation, such as using Facebook to campaign for a candidate and Twitter to keep people abreast of a protest movement. The protesters demanded many political and economic reforms. The eligible electorate in the 1800s, when voter turnout consistently exceeded 70 percent, was far different than the diverse pool of eligible voters today. University. Beauregard, K. (2014), Gender, political participation and electoral systems: a cross-national analysis, European Journal of Political Research, Vol. Opinions are divided on this issue. 271-294. Verba, S., Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady, Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995). Third: The more the family income varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of the high-income students, as there were differences in the voting ratio in the elections according to the level of family income. In addition to traditional forms of campaign activity, like attending campaign rallies and displaying yard signs, the Internet provided a gateway to involvement for 55 percent of Americans (Owen, 2009). They pointed out that the political participation of females has always been less than males. and Fox, R.L. Voting is the most frequent citizen activity, especially in modern democracies. As female students voting was low. Fitzgerald, J. [1] Following the 2008 election, RTV lobbied the Obama administration to institute fully automated online voter registration nationally. So, the Palestinians had the right to vote in Jordanian national and local elections. 97-107. 37, pp. How do individuals form their political beliefs? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. The survey was conducted in the academic year 2018-2019 and the questionnaire was used to collect the data after being reviewed by two jurors Peer Reviewers from Cairo University and Al-Al Bayt. Therefore, the present study focuses on the voting of students of Jordanian universities. In addition, political participation is voluntary activities, in which the individual participates in the selection of rulers, and formulates public policies, directly or indirectly. Cohen, C.J. The ratio of voting in the category (less than 500 dinar) was low, but, the ratio of voting for the other two categories was high. This was consistent with the studies of Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Palmer and Simon (2008) that emphasized that the difference in regions, districts and regional affiliation affected voting in elections. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Participation witnessed further expansion, as some studies have pointed out: Street protest, involvement in institutional policies, participating in social movements (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 572), and engagement in political debates (Bernstein, 2005, p. 299). Women turnout during Indias 2014 parliamentary general elections was 65.63%, compared to 67.09% turnout for men. Generally, about 15 percent of Americans participate in these types of campaign activities in an election year (Verba, Schlozman, & Brady, 1995). 121-133. 65 No. What political causes do you care the most about? It is assumed that there is a relation between the cognitive status of low self-esteem and feeling of pessimism and alienation from society and political apathy. Bernstein, A.G. (2005), Gendered characteristics of political engagement in college students, Journal of Sex Roles, Vol. (2023), "Factors affecting political participation (Jordanian universities students' voting: field study 2017-2018)", Review of Economics and Political Science, Vol. The party inspires in its members a feeling of belongingness. (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1999). The sample was chosen from the youth segment because they were the most numerous in the Jordanian society, as well as the fact that the sample was more accessible in terms of data collection and distribution of the questionnaire. This made them reluctant to vote in elections. One is an individuals substantive political identification on a left-right spectrum and the other is on an individuals engagement with the process of politics that is revealed by their acquisition of information on candidates in an election and their willingness to vote in an election. Young voters are less likely to turn out in midterm elections than older citizens. At least ten states prohibit former felons from voting even after they have served their time. ATOMIC Hot Links Los Angeles three day shoot CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Still, many people do not vote regularly. (2013), What does political mean to you?, Political Behavior, Vol. Moreover, university students are reluctant to vote in elections, because of their feeling of alienation within the society, especially young female students. In the light of the democratization, especially in many developing countries, political participation forms expanded and diversified to include voting, participating in the campaigns, community participation and expression of opinion in society related issues (Childs, 2004, p. 422). Milbrath, op. Measuring gender differences in political knowledge. Lipsky, M., Protest as a Political Resource, American Political Science Review, December 1968, 1145. 617-634. Motor voters success in increasing the ranks of registered voters differs by state depending on how well the program is publicized and executed. In addition, Ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils with (44.7 per cent) for the age group (18 less than 23). They can post their views on blogs and energize their supporters using Facebook groups that provide information about how to get involved. 3, pp. Some regions have an established culture of political participation. Among the forms of political participation, the present study focuses on voting as a traditional form of political participation and the most prominent form that can be observed and measured during elections by monitoring the numbers of voters. Others contend that the integrity of the democratic process is at stake and that individuals should not be denied a fundamental right once they have served their time. Registered voters meet eligibility requirements and have filed the necessary paperwork that permits them to vote in a given locality. Political Therefore, the diversity of regional affiliation affected political participation. (1993), Neighborhood poverty and African American politics, American Political Science Review, Vol. In recent decades, political participation amongst There are varieties of ways in which people can participate in the political processes of a society. The social environment definitely has an impact on political participation. Activities like voting, campaigning, etc., are some of the important modes of participation. By involving people in the affairs of the state, participation promotes stability and order in the system. Political participation of females in most societies is less than that of males, not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. Ballots can be invalidated if they are not properly marked by voters or are not read by antiquated voting machines. A 2012 study from Harvard, Brown and the University of Missouri-Kansas City, The Impact of Race and Ethnicity, Immigration and Political Context on Participation in CBS News Report on the Rodney King Incident. The CBS News report on the Rodney King incident included the following controversial video. Moreover, the lack of fair distribution of resources and the concentration the wealth in the hands of businessmen, made them feel marginalized. In Sweden, women's political participation increased as a result of women's engagement in the public sphere and demonstrations at the rate of 5.5 per cent contrary to the United Kingdom, where women's participation rate in demonstrations was (1.9 per cent) (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 572). The politically aware are usually better able to relate their social values to their political opinions, to achieve stable, internally consistent belief systems. Pyeatt and Yanus (2018) have also concluded that the difference of regions within the same country and the ethnic or racial diversity affect voting in elections. The United States Election Project provides information about voter turnout in presidential campaigns. Moreover, it was known that in some countries, such as Jordan, Palestinian refugees have been granted the Jordanian nationality. It can be concluded that: The more the age varies, the more voting in the elections differs in favor of older students. It is interesting to note that Milbrath classifies those factors which have been used up to the present in the attempt to explain political participation, into three groups: personal factors, political setting, and social position. Lawless, J.L. Despite the fact that elections are the major event in the political process, political participation cannot be limited to only electoral process, i.e., voting and campaigning. 1, pp. As one of the basic principles of participatory democracy, each citizen gets one vote and each vote c What are the ways in which Americans participate in politics? In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? It was noted that the number of students (Jordanians) was a total of (450) including (314) participated in the voting with (69.8 per cent) in the same category. The main reason for voting in the elections according to age was practicing the constitutional right. with (45.1 per cent) for the age group (18 less than 23) and (24.8 per cent) for the age group (23 less than 30). 2. Voter turnout depends on the type of election. Almost 70 percent of high school students and young adults aged eighteen to thirty report that they have been involved in community activities (Peter D. Hart Research Associates, 1998). This, in turn, affected women's political aspirations and supported their sense of marginalization and lack of their equality with men. Yet there are many other ways to take part in politics that involve varying amounts of skill, time, and resources. Direct link to 07amclain's post It says that blue collare, Posted 3 years ago. Where youth participatory mechanisms fail to have a substantive impact, they may still have important symbolic or signaling features. What are the factors affecting political socialization? In this respect, educational institutions serve as the basic ground in the development of articulateness and skills of political participation through schools/college/university unions. Direct link to bhuiadna78's post What would happen if both, Posted a month ago. It concluded that democracy depends on political participation (Leigh, 2018, p. 7). This ratio of the female students is less than that of male students. Rock the Vote (RTV), a nonpartisan youth mobilization organization, established the first online voter registration initiative in 1992 with official backing from the Congressional Internet Caucus. New media offer additional opportunities for people to engage in campaigns. The study examines the impact of gender, age, family income and regional affiliation that represent important social and economic factors affecting political participation on the voting of Jordanian university students. The ratio of participation varied among different age groups, such as young, adults and older people. They can take part in groups or organizational activity to deal with social and political problems. It provides citizens a sense of dignity and value, alerts both the rulers and the ruled to their duties and responsibilities and facilitates broader political understanding. A formal or informal association of people seeking to influence governmental policy in favor of their interests; interest groups may represent social causes, economic Brady, H.E., Verba, S. and Schlozman, K.L. Being a public official requires a great deal of dedication, time, energy, and money. There was a gender gap between males and females in voting in national and local elections. 3, pp. Political environment 4. The composition of the electorate has changed radically throughout American history. WebFactors Influencing Political Participation: 1. Despite the scope of leadership, Pentecostal church leaders show less propensity of political participation for unknown reasons, especially in African countries. Over 25 percent of the public gave money to a cause and 17 percent contributed to a presidential candidate in 2008 (Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, 2008). They may attend concerts or participate in sporting events associated with causes, such as the Race for the Cure for breast cancer. A majority of lower-class persons generally vote for the left parties while the majority of the upper and middle class persons vote for the rightist parties. This was consistent with the studies of Brady et al. (1995), Beyond SES: a resource model of political participation, American Political Science Review, Vol. American Government and Politics in the Information Age by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. White collar workers, women who work in the home, Parents strongly aligned with Democratic Party, Parents strongly aligned with Republican Party. This role is partly expressive and partly instrumental. In addition, political participation required some resources, such as money to support the candidates (Lawless and Fox, 2001, p. 362). People also can engage in symbolic participation, routine or habitual acts that show support for the political system. Copyright 10. Moreover, the voting ratio of the family income group (less than 500 dinars) was low; it was problematic because this group covered the majority of university students. 16, pp. Youth political engagement in Australia and the United States: student councils and volunteer organizations as communities of practice, Studying oil, islam, and women as if political institutions mattered, Womens engagement in politics in the year of the woman, Politics of presence: women in the house and symbolic representation, Political participation of the urban poor, The impact of country characteristics on civic knowledge and political participation, Politikon: Iapss Journal of Political Science, The impact of political parties on the 2007 Jordanian parliamentary elections, The factors affecting the women political participations in Jordanian parliamentary elections (2003-2013), Increasing womens political participation: the role of women-friendly districts, Gender differences in political participation: comparing street demonstrators in Sweden and the United Kingdom, Economic inequality and democratic political engagement, Youth and Political Parties in Jordan, Amman, Knowing and caring about politics: gender and political engagement, No Easy Choose: Political Participation in Developing Countries.
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